Over the past decade, our understanding of the Indian Ocean has advanced through
concerted efforts toward measuring the ocean circulation and air–sea exchanges, detecting …

By analyzing satellite observational data and ocean general circulation model experiments,
this study investigates the key processes that determine the spatial distribution and …

Based on Argo sea surface salinity (SSS) and the related precipitation (P), evaporation (E),
and sea surface height data sets, the climatological annual mean and low-frequency …

Sea surface temperature (SST) is a fundamental driver of tropical weather systems such as
monsoon rainfall and tropical cyclones. However, understanding of the factors that control …

Anthropogenic factors continue to warm the oceans by storing sufficient memory of past
accumulated effects resulting in higher Sea surface temperature (SST) and Ocean heat …

The huge freshwater flux of the Indian summer monsoon (ISM; May–October) gives rise to
strong salinity stratification in the Bay of Bengal (BoB), causing a shallow mixed layer and a …

Oceanic barrier layer impedes the vertical exchanges of heat and biogeochemical
substances between the mixed layer and deep ocean, playing essential roles in modulating …

Mesoscale eddies are the important phenomenon of world oceans that play a prominent role
in influencing the near‐surface atmosphere and transport of heat. Ocean and atmosphere …

Core sediments from the Chilika Lagoon in the eastern part of the Core Monsoon Zone
(CMZ) of India have provided a record of local environmental changes and catchment …

Barrier layers in the tropics trap heat in a shallow and stable near‐surface layer and limit
entrainment of cooler water from below. Both processes act to increase sea surface …