Abstract Magnetospheric Multiscale (MMS), a NASA four-spacecraft constellation mission
launched on March 12, 2015, will investigate magnetic reconnection in the boundary …

The corona is a layer of hot plasma that surrounds the Sun, traces out its complex magnetic
field, and ultimately expands into interplanetary space as the supersonic solar wind …

The fast solar wind that fills the heliosphere originates from deep within regions of open
magnetic field on the Sun called 'coronal holes'. The energy source responsible for …

The structure of magnetic flux ropes injected into the solar wind during reconnection in the
coronal atmosphere is explored with particle-in-cell simulations and compared with in situ …

Magnetic reconnection converts, often explosively, stored magnetic energy to particle
energy in space and in the laboratory. Through processes operating on length scales that …

The recent observations of the anomalous cosmic ray (ACR) energy spectrum as Voyager 1
and Voyager 2 crossed the heliospheric termination shock have called into question the …

Magnetic reconnection, in which magnetic field lines break and reconnect to change their
topology, occurs throughout the universe. The essential feature of reconnection is that it …

Magnetic reconnection is an important driver of energetic particles in many astrophysical
phenomena. Using kinetic particle-in-cell simulations, we explore the impact of three …

This paper describes the science motivation, measurement objectives, performance
requirements, detailed design, approach and implementation, and calibration of the four Hot …

Context. Switchbacks are discrete angular deflections in the solar wind magnetic field that
have been observed throughout the heliosphere. Recent observations by Parker Solar …