Nucleus accumbens dopamine is known to play a role in motivational processes, and
dysfunctions of mesolimbic dopamine may contribute to motivational symptoms of …

Motivation has been defined as the process that allows organisms to regulate their internal
and external environment, and control the probability, proximity and availability of stimuli. As …

Background Over the last several years, it has become apparent that there are critical
problems with the hypothesis that brain dopamine (DA) systems, particularly in the nucleus …

Although the Skinnerian 'Empirical Law of Effect'does not directly consider the fundamental
properties of stimuli that enable them to act as reinforcers, such considerations are critical for …

It has been known for some time that nucleus accumbens dopamine (DA) is involved in
aspects of motivation, but theoretical approaches to understanding the functions of DA have …

There are numerous problems with the hypothesis that brain dopamine (DA) systems,
particularly in the nucleus accumbens, directly mediate the rewarding or primary …

Operant behavior is not only regulated by factors related to the quality or quantity of
reinforcement, but also by the work requirements inherent in performing instrumental …

An examination of the link between the vigor with which we move and the value that the
brain assigns to the goal of the movement. Why do we reflexively run toward people we love …

'Hunger is the best spice'is an old and wise saying that acknowledges the fact that almost
any food tastes better when we are hungry. The neurobiological underpinnings of this lore …

Mesolimbic dopamine (DA) is involved in behavioral activation and effort-related processes.
Rats with impaired DA transmission reallocate their instrumental behavior away from food …