Cisplatin is one of the most potent antitumor agents known, displaying clinical activity
against a wide variety of solid tumors. Its cytotoxic mode of action is mediated by its …

Reactive oxygen or nitrogen species (ROS/RNS) generated endogenously or in response to
environmental stress have long been implicated in tissue injury in the context of a variety of …

Interest in the tumour suppressor p53 has generated much information regarding the
complexity of its function and regulation in carcinogenesis. However, gaps still exist in our …

Within the last 15 years, multiple new signal transduction pathways within cells have been
discovered. Many of these pathways belong to what is now termed 'the mitogen-activated …

Ataxia-telangiectasia mutated (ATM) plays a key role in regulating the cellular response to
ionizing radiation. Activation of ATM results in phosphorylation of many downstream targets …

Among the human genome, p53 is one of the first tumor suppressor genes to be discovered.
It has a wide range of functions covering cell cycle control, apoptosis, genome integrity …

Immunofluorescence studies have revealed that H2AX is phosphorylated at the sites of DNA
double-strand breaks induced by ionizing radiation and is required for recruitment of repair …

Experimental evidence supported by epidemiological findings suggests that solar ultraviolet
(UV) irradiation is the most important environmental carcinogen leading to the development …

Nickel oxide nanoparticles (NiONPs) toxicity has been evaluated in the human pulmonary
epithelial cell lines: BEAS-2B and A549. The nanoparticles, used at the doses of 20, 40, 60 …

Exposure to genotoxic agents is a major cause of human cancer, and cellular responses to
genotoxic stress are important defense mechanisms. These responses are very complex …