Enzymatically oxidized lipids are a specific group of biomolecules that function as key
signaling mediators and hormones, regulating various cellular and physiological processes …

Lignin is the most abundant phenolic polymer; thus, its decomposition by microorganisms is
fundamental to carbon cycling on earth. Lignin breakdown is initiated by depolymerization …

QS-21 is a potent vaccine adjuvant currently sourced by extraction from the Chilean
soapbark tree. It is a key component of human vaccines for shingles, malaria, coronavirus …

Glucocorticoid action on target tissues is determined by the density of “nuclear” receptors
and intracellular metabolism by the two isozymes of 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase …

Oxidative stress is characterized by an imbalance between prooxidant and antioxidant
species, leading to macromolecular damage and disruption of redox signaling and cellular …

Thymol and carvacrol are phenolic monoterpenes found in thyme, oregano, and several
other species of the Lamiaceae. Long valued for their smell and taste, these substances also …

Aldehydes are carbonyl compounds found ubiquitously in the environment, derived from
both natural and anthropogenic sources. As the aldehydes are reactive species, therefore …

Comparisons of DNA from archaic and modern humans show that these groups interbred,
and in some cases received an evolutionary advantage from doing so. This process …

Dehydroepiandrosterone (3β-hydroxy-5-androsten-17-one, DHEA), secreted by the adrenal
cortex, gastrointestinal tract, gonads, and brain, and its sulfated metabolite DHEA-S are the …

Transfer RNAs (tRNAs) reach their mature functional form through several steps of
processing and modification. Some nucleotide modifications affect the proper folding of …