Nano-hydroxyapatite (n-HAp) is similar to human bone mineral in structure and biochemistry
and is, therefore, widely used as bone biomaterial and a drug carrier. Further, n-HAp …

Alloplasts are synthetic, inorganic, biocompatible bone substitutes that function as defect
fillers to repair skeletal defects. The acceptance of these substitutes by host tissues is …

Hydrogels are versatile biomaterials characterized by three-dimensional, cross-linked,
highly hydrated polymeric networks. These polymers exhibit a great variety of biochemical …

Despite exceptional self-regeneration properties of bone, severe injuries often require
additional surgical intervention such as using artificial bone constructs. These structures …

Numerous studies have demonstrated that calcium silicate (CS) can be doped with various
trace metal elements such as strontium (Sr) or magnesium (Mg). These studies have …

Blood vessels are essential for nutrient and oxygen delivery and waste removal. Scaffold-
repairing materials with functional vascular networks are widely used in bone tissue …

The management and definitive treatment of segmental bone defects in the setting of acute
trauma, fracture non-union, revision joint arthroplasty, and tumor surgery are challenging …

Bone tissue engineering is a complex domain that requires further investigation and benefits
from data obtained over past decades. The models are increasing in complexity as they …

Numerous studies have demonstrated that biological compounds and trace elements such
as dopamine (DA) and copper ions (Cu) could be modified onto the surfaces of scaffolds …

Different tissues have complex anisotropic structures to support biological functions.
Mimicking these complex structures in vitro remains a challenge in biomaterials designs …