Balanced immunity is pivotal for health and homeostasis. CD4+ helper T (Th) cells are
central to the balance between immune tolerance and immune rejection. Th cells adopt …

Chemokines, which are basic proteins that exert their effects via G protein-coupled receptors
and a subset of the cytokine family, are mediators deeply involved in leukocyte migration …

Foxp3-expressing CD25+ CD4+ regulatory T cells (Tregs) are abundant in tumor tissues.
Here, hypothesizing that tumor Tregs would clonally expand after they are activated by …

Chemokine receptor CCR6 is expressed on various cells such as B cells, immature dendritic
cells, innate lymphoid cells (ILCs), regulatory CD4 T cells, and Th17 cells. CCL20 is the only …

Immune cell trafficking is a critical element of the intestinal immune response, both in
homeostasis and in pathological conditions associated with inflammatory bowel disease …

Multiple sclerosis (MS) involves the infiltration of autoreactive T cells into the CNS, yet we
lack a comprehensive understanding of the signaling pathways that regulate this process …

Chemokines are chemo tactic cyto kines that control the migratory patterns and positioning
of all immune cells. Although chemokines were initially appreciated as important mediators …

Purpose: Fusobacterium nucleatum (F. nucleatum) is a component of the human
microbiome that primarily inhabits the oral cavity. It causes periodontal disease and has also …

Abstract Interleukin 17 (IL-17)-producing helper T cells (TH17 cells) require exposure to IL-
23 to become encephalitogenic, but the mechanism by which IL-23 promotes their …

Summary Interleukin‐17 (IL‐17) has emerged as a central player in the mammalian immune
system. Although this cytokine exerts a host‐defensive role in many infectious diseases, it …