Protein handling, modification and folding in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) are tightly
regulated processes that determine cell function, fate and survival. In several tumour types …

Cathepsins are the most abundant lysosomal proteases that are mainly found in acidic
endo/lysosomal compartments where they play a vital role in intracellular protein …

Breast cancer is presently the most predominant tumor type and the second leading cause
of tumor-related deaths among women. Although advancements in diagnosis and …

The tightly orchestrated temporal and spatial control of signal transducer and activator of
transcription 3 (STAT3) activity in epithelial, immune and stromal cells is critical for wound …

Macrophages are conventionally classified into M1 and M2 subtypes according to their
differentiation status and functional role in the immune system. However, accumulating …

Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) display pro-tumorigenic phenotypes for supporting
tumor progression in response to microenvironmental cues imposed by tumor and stromal …

Malignant cells utilize diverse strategies that enable them to thrive under adverse conditions
while simultaneously inhibiting the development of anti-tumor immune responses. Hostile …

For a long time, cysteine cathepsins were considered primarily as proteases crucial for
nonspecific bulk proteolysis in the endolysosomal system. However, this view has …

Initiating and maintaining optimal immune responses requires high levels of protein
synthesis, folding, modification and trafficking in leukocytes, which are processes …

Among the various immunological and non-immunological tumor-promoting activities of
myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs), their immunosuppressive capacity remains a …