The action potential of the squid giant axon is formed by just two voltage-dependent
conductances in the cell membrane, yet mammalian central neurons typically express more …

The proper functioning of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is crucial for multiple cellular
activities and survival. Disturbances in the normal ER functions lead to the accumulation and …

INTRODUCTION The nine subtypes of mammalian voltage-gated sodium (Nav) channels,
Nav1. 1 to Nav1. 9, are responsible for the initiation and propagation of action potentials in …

Of all of the human organs, the heart is in some sense the simplest. All it has to do is pump
blood by contracting and expanding about 2.5 billion times during the lifetime of its owner …

The potassium channels encoded by the Drosophila Shaker gene activate and inactivate
rapidly when the membrane potential becomes more positive. Site-directed mutagenesis …

In voltage-dependent Na, K, or Ca channels, the probability of opening is modified by the
membrane potential. This is achieved through a voltage sensor that detects the voltage and …

Abstract Structure–function relationships of the sodium channel expressed in Xenopus
oocytes have been investigated by the combined use of site–directed mutagenesis and …

The ionic gradients across cell membranes generate a transmembrane voltage that
regulates the function of numerous membrane proteins such as ion channels, transporters …

Markov kinetic models were used to synthesize a complete description of synaptic
transmission, including opening of voltage-dependent channels in the presynaptic terminal …

Eukaryotic voltage-gated sodium (Nav) channels contribute to the rising phase of action
potentials and served as an early muse for biophysicists laying the foundation for our current …