Abstract The PI3K/AKT/mTOR (PAM) signaling pathway is a highly conserved signal
transduction network in eukaryotic cells that promotes cell survival, cell growth, and cell …

The mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) is a protein kinase that controls cellular
metabolism, catabolism, immune responses, autophagy, survival, proliferation, and …

Infection susceptibility, poor vaccination efficacy, age-related disease onset, and neoplasms
are linked to innate and adaptive immune dysfunction that accompanies aging (known as …

Cells metabolize nutrients for biosynthetic and bioenergetic needs to fuel growth and
proliferation. The uptake of nutrients from the environment and their intracellular metabolism …

Cytotoxic CD8+ T cells play a key role in the elimination of intracellular infections and
malignant cells and can provide long-term protective immunity. In the response to infection …

Through the successes of checkpoint blockade and adoptive cellular therapy,
immunotherapy has become an established treatment modality for cancer. Cellular …

Mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) regulates cell proliferation, autophagy, and
apoptosis by participating in multiple signaling pathways in the body. Studies have shown …

Amino acids are fundamental building blocks supporting life. Their role in protein synthesis
is well defined, but they contribute to a host of other intracellular metabolic pathways …

Naive T cells are actively maintained in a quiescent state that promotes their survival and
persistence. On antigen stimulation, T cells exit quiescence to initiate clonal expansion and …

Cancer treatment by immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) can bring long-lasting clinical
benefits, but only a fraction of patients respond to treatment. To predict ICB response, we …