Disinfection means the killing of pathogenic organisms (eg bacteria and its spores, viruses,
protozoa and their cysts, worms, and larvae) present in water to make it potable for other …

Water contamination through anthropogenic and industrial activities has led to the
emergence and necessity of disinfection methods. Chlorine and bromine gases, often used …

Nowadays, integrated microfiltration (MF) membrane systems treatment is becoming widely
popular due to its feasibility, process reliability, commercial availability, modularity, relative …

Given that surface water is the primary supply of drinking water worldwide, the presence of
natural organic matter (NOM) in surface water presents difficulties for water treatment …

Ultrafiltration (UF) has become an accepted process for drinking water treatment, but
membrane fouling remains a significant problem. Polyethersulfone (PES)/SiO2 composite …

Various anthropogenic activities result in a continuous discharge of contaminants of
emerging concerns (CECs) into the natural environs. The remediation of these substances is …

Thin film composite (TFC) nanofiltration (NF) membranes typically used for drinking water
treatment applications are susceptible to fouling by natural organic matter (NOM) which …

Membrane fouling by natural organic matter is one of the main problems that slow down the
application of membrane technology in water treatment. O3 is able to efficiently change the …

The ever-growing water pollution evokes the inevitability of disinfection, especially by
chlorination from decades, although the emergence of many carcinogenic disinfection by …

Disinfection by-products (DBPs) have heterogeneous structures which are suspected
carcinogens as a result of reactions between NOMs (Natural Organic Matter) and …