Animals must continually respond dynamically as they move through complex environments,
and slopes are a common terrain on which legged animals must move. Despite this, non …

While we joke that men are from Mars and women are from Venus, our gender differences
can't compare to those of many other animals. For instance, the male garden spider …

Teleost fishes exhibit wide and temporally stable inter-individual variation in a suite of
aerobic and anaerobic locomotor traits. One mechanism that could allow such variation to …

Background Terrestrial animals regularly move up and down surfaces in their natural
habitat, and the impacts of moving uphill on locomotion are commonly examined. However …

Desert ants show a large range of adaptations to their habitats. They can reach extremely
high running speeds, for example, to shorten heat stress during foraging trips. It has recently …

Sexual selection often results in males exhibiting exaggerated traits (eg bright colors,
elaborate appendages) to attract potential mates and in some cases to also use as a …

While spiders constitute the most abundant and diverse arthropods in many habitats, they
remained under-studied, especially in tropical rainforests. The goal of this study is to assess …

In almost all vertical orb webs the hub is above the geometric centre and consequently, the
extent of the capture area is larger below the hub than above. In addition to this vertical web …

Electric shock is used widely as an aversive stimulus in conditioning experiments, yet little
attention has been given to its physiological effects and their consequences for bioassays. In …

Studies of whole-organism performance are central to understanding the links between
animal behaviour, morphology, and fitness. Invertebrates have been popular models for …