Microglia represent the first line of immune feedback in the brain. Beyond immune
surveillance, they are essential for maintaining brain homeostasis. Recent research has …

A major immunopathological feature of Coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) is excessive
inflammation in the form of “cytokine storm”. The storm is characterized by injurious levels of …

Individuals suffering from chronic pain develop substance use disorders (SUDs) more often
than others. Understanding the shared genetic influences underlying the comorbidity …

Cancer and cardiovascular disorders are known as the two main leading causes of mortality
worldwide. Cardiotoxicity is a critical and common adverse effect of cancer-related …

Introduction Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell is among the most prevalent
approaches that act by directing T-cells toward cancer; however, they need to be optimized …

Background Patients with behavioral or substance addiction show an unbalanced
behavioral activation system (BAS) and behavioral inhibition system (BIS) sensitivity …

Neuropsychiatric disorders denote a broad range of illnesses involving neurology and
psychiatry. These disorders include depressive disorders, anxiety, schizophrenia, bipolar …

The cerebellum communicates with brain areas critically involved in control of goal-directed
behaviors including the prefrontal and orbitofrontal cortices and midbrain and basal ganglia …

Physical dependence is associated with the formation of neuroadaptive changes in the
central nervous system (CNS), both at the molecular and cellular levels. Various studies …

Methadone is a centrally-acting synthetic opioid analgesic widely used in the methadone
maintenance therapy (MMT) programs throughout the world. Considering its neurotoxic …