The c-Jun N-terminal kinases (JNKs), as members of the mitogen-activated protein kinase
(MAPK) family, mediate eukaryotic cell responses to a wide range of abiotic and biotic stress …

Adaptable hydrogels have recently emerged as a promising platform for three‐dimensional
(3D) cell encapsulation and culture. In conventional, covalently crosslinked hydrogels …

Proteins fold into unique native structures stabilized by thousands of weak interactions that
collectively overcome the entropic cost of folding. Although these forces are “encoded” in the …

Phase separation can concentrate biomolecules and accelerate reactions. However, the
mechanisms and principles connecting this mesoscale organization to signaling dynamics …

The functions of many proteins are regulated through allostery, whereby effector binding at a
distal site changes the functional activity (eg, substrate binding affinity or catalytic efficiency) …

Intrinsically disordered regions (IDRs) are especially enriched among proteins that regulate
chromatin and transcription. As a result, mechanisms that influence specificity of IDR-driven …

It has long been axiomatic that a protein's structure determines its function. Intrinsically
disordered proteins (IDPs) and disordered protein regions (IDRs) defy this structure …

The smallest viable unit of life is the cell. From bacteria to mammals, all cells use the same
nucleic acid-based universal code for the maintenance and inheritance of genetic …

Organic molecules as well as metal complexes may exist as several geometric isomers1
which display distinct physical properties and chemical reactivities. A molecule containing …

The sequencing of complete genomes provides a list that includes the proteins responsible
for cellular regulation. However, this does not immediately reveal what these proteins do …