Following structural dynamics in real time is a fundamental goal towards a better
understanding of chemical reactions. Recording snapshots of individual molecules with …

X-ray free-electron lasers (XFELs), with pulse durations of a few tens of femtoseconds or
shorter, are cutting-edge instruments capable of observing structure and dynamics at the …

X-ray free-electron lasers (XFELs) have brought new ways to probe and manipulate atomic
and molecular dynamics with unprecedented spatial and temporal resolutions. A …

In an intense X-ray free-electron laser (XFEL) pulse, atoms are sequentially ionised by
multiple X-ray photons. Photoionisation generally induces an alignment of the electron cloud …

The review is devoted to the launching of the European X-ray Free Electron Laser (XFEL).
The history of development and operation principles of classical lasers and X-ray free …

A Hanbury Brown and Twiss interferometry experiment based on second-order correlations
was performed at the PAL-XFEL facility. The statistical properties of the X-ray radiation were …

Understanding the interaction of intense, femtosecond X-ray pulses with heavy atoms is
crucial for gaining insights into the structure and dynamics of matter. One key aspect of …

Understanding non-equilibrium melting in metals is a topic of current interest. We
investigated the solid-to-liquid phase transition in platinum induced by femtosecond infrared …

In this work, we provide theoretical background for the analysis of second-order correlation
functions in experiments performed at soft x-ray free-electron lasers (XFELs). Typically, soft x …

We present wave-optical simulations and a coherence analysis of the photon beam
transported through a soft X-ray beamline, paying particular attention to a focusing varied …