This paper is the forty-fifth consecutive installment of the annual anthological review of
research concerning the endogenous opioid system, summarizing articles published during …

Abstract Introduction Kratom (Mitragyna speciosa) is a tropical plant traditionally used as an
ethnomedicinal remedy for several conditions in South East Asia. Despite the increased …

Background Mitragyna speciosa, referred to as “kratom”, is increasingly used in the United
States for self-treating pain, psychiatric, and substance use disorder symptoms. It is used by …

Mitragyna speciosa is a medicinal plant with a reputation for treating pains, diabetes as well
as increasing energy and sexual desires. However, there is no scientific evidence to validate …

There is limited understanding regarding kratom use among US adults. Although
motivations for use are increasingly understood, typical kratom doses, threshold of (low and …

Abstract Purpose of Review This work aims to provide an up-to-date review of the preclinical
and clinical scientific literature on the therapeutic value of kratom to better understand the …

Abstract Used in Southeast Asia for generations, kratom gained popularity in the United
States and elsewhere over the past several decades. Derived from Mitragyna speciosa …

Drugs are regulated in the United States (US) by the Controlled Substances Act (CSA) if
assessment of their abuse potential, including public health risks, show such control is …

Kratom (Mitragyna speciosa (Korth.) Havil.) has been used to reduce blood sugar and lipid
profiles in traditional medicine, and mitragynine is a major constituent in kratom leaves …

Mitragyna speciosa Korth (kratom) is a tropical indigenous tree of Southeast Asia. It is
commonly consumed by the people due to its various pharmacological properties. The …