An extensive literature on childhood adversity and neurodevelopment has emerged over the
past decade. We evaluate two conceptual models of adversity and neurodevelopment—the …

Introduction: Adverse childhood experiences (ACE) such as sexual and physical abuse or
neglect are frequent in childhood and constitute a massive stressor with long-lasting …

Maltreatment-related childhood adversity is the leading preventable risk factor for mental
illness and substance abuse. Although the association between maltreatment and …

Socioeconomic status (SES) is associated with children's brain and behavioral
development. Several theories propose that early experiences of adversity or low SES can …

Background Childhood maltreatment is the most important preventable cause of
psychopathology accounting for about 45% of the population attributable risk for childhood …

Children exposed to various forms of adversity early in life are at increased risk for a broad
range of developmental difficulties, affecting both cognitive and emotional adjustment. We …

Highlights•Early caregiving adversity is associated with poor mental health
outcomes.•Across species, adversity accelerates the developmental trajectory of emotion …

The amygdala is vulnerable to stress-dependent disruptions in neural development. Animal
models have shown that stress increases dendritic arborization leading to larger amygdala …

Early experiences critically shape the structure and function of the brain. Perturbations in
typical/species-expected early experiences are known to have profound neural effects …

Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is considered a disorder of recovery where individuals
fail to learn and retain extinction of the traumatic fear response. In maltreated youth, PTSD is …