Exclusive human milk feeding for the first 6 months of life, with continued breastfeeding for 1
to 2 years of life or longer, is recognized as the normative standard for infant feeding. 1, 2 …

Preterm birth is an increasing worldwide problem. Prematurity is the second most common
cause of death in children under 5 years of age. It is associated with a higher risk of several …

Microbes colonize the human body during the first moments of life and coexist with the host
throughout the lifespan. Intestinal microbiota and their metabolites aid in the programming of …

Objective This narrative review examines six important non‐nutritive substances in breast
milk, many of which were thought to have little to no biological significance. The overall …

Obesity is the most common metabolic disease whose prevalence is increasing worldwide.
This condition is considered a serious public health problem due to associated …

Background Maternal Body Mass Index (BMI) is positively associated with infant obesity risk.
Breast milk contains a number of hormones that may influence infant metabolism during the …

Extensive research shows that breast milk could have positive health effects not limited to
infancy, but extend into childhood and adulthood. Recently many studies have provided new …

Numerous bioactive peptides (such as ghrelins) have been identified in breast milk but there
is no information concerning apelin and nesfatin-1. Therefore, present study was designated …

Breast milk (BM) hormones have been hypothesised as a nutritional link between maternal
and infant metabolic health. This study aimed to evaluate hormone concentrations in BM of …

Epidemiological surveys indicate that nutrition in infancy is implicated in the long-term
tendency to obesity and that a longer duration of breastfeeding is associated with a …