Humans have adapted to the chronic hypoxia of high altitude in several locations, and
recent genome-wide studies have indicated a genetic basis. In some populations, genetic …

Microtia is a congenital anomaly of the ear that ranges in severity from mild structural
abnormalities to complete absence of the ear, and can occur as an isolated birth defect or as …

Population genomic analyses of high-altitude humans and other vertebrates have identified
numerous candidate genes for hypoxia adaptation, and the physiological pathways …

High altitudes (> 8,000 ft or 2,500 m) provide an experiment of nature for measuring
adaptation and the physiological processes involved. Studies conducted over the past~ 25 …

Hypoxia is one of the most common and severe challenges to the maintenance of
homeostasis. Oxygen sensing is a property of all tissues, and the response to hypoxia is …

Whether Andean populations are genetically adapted to high altitudes has long been of
interest. Initial studies focused on physiological changes in the O2 transport system that …

High-altitude studies offer insight into the evolutionary processes and physiological
mechanisms affecting the early phases of the human lifespan. Chronic hypoxia slows fetal …

Evolutionary trade-offs required for bipedalism and brain expansion influence the pregnancy
rise in uterine artery (UtA) blood flow and, in turn, reproductive success. We consider the …

The adaptation of Tibetans to high-altitude environments has been studied extensively.
However, the direct assessment of evolutionary adaptation, ie, the reproductive fitness of …

High altitude, defined as elevations lying above 2500 m sea level, challenges human
survival and reproduction. This environment provides a natural experimental design wherein …