The extracellular matrix (ECM) constitutes a highly dynamic three-dimensional structural
network comprised of macromolecules, such as proteoglycans/glycosaminoglycans …

Viral infections are initiated by attachment of the virus to host cell surface receptors,
including sialic acid-containing glycans. It is now possible to rapidly identify specific glycan …

Broadly neutralizing HIV antibodies (bNAbs) can recognize carbohydrate-dependent
epitopes on gp120. In contrast to previously characterized glycan-dependent bNAbs that …

Glycomics is a broad and emerging scientific discipline focused on defining the structures
and functional roles of glycans in biological systems. The staggering complexity of the …

Oligosaccharides together with oligonucleotides and oligopeptides comprise the three major
classes of natural biopolymers. Automated systems for oligonucleotide and oligopeptide …

Resistance to infection is critically dependent on the ability of pattern recognition receptors
to recognize microbial invasion and induce protective immune responses. One such family …

In the last decade, carbohydrate microarrays have been core technologies for analyzing
carbohydrate-mediated recognition events in a high-throughput fashion. A number of …

Two to three years after infection, a fraction of HIV-1–infected individuals develop serologic
activity that neutralizes most viral isolates. Broadly neutralizing antibodies that recognize the …

Human adenovirus 52 (HAdV-52) is one of only three known HAdVs equipped with both a
long and a short fiber protein. While the long fiber binds to the coxsackie and adenovirus …

Brewing practice uses the same yeast to inoculate the following fermentation (repitching).
Saccharomyces pastorianus, used to produce Lager beer, is widely reused, not changing its …