Understanding the plant immune system is crucial for using genetics to protect crops from
diseases. Plants resist pathogens via a two-tiered innate immune detection-and-response …

Plants have many, highly variable resistance (R) gene loci, which provide resistance to a
variety of pathogens. The first R gene to be cloned, maize (Zea mays) Hm1, was published …

Animal and plant immune systems use intracellular nucleotide-binding oligomerization
domain (NOD)-like receptors (NLRs) to detect pathogens, resulting in the activation of …

Both plants and animals rely on nucleotide-binding domain and leucine-rich repeat-
containing (NLR) proteins to respond to invading pathogens and activate immune …

In plant innate immunity, individual cells have the capacity to sense and respond to
pathogen attack. Intracellular recognition mechanisms have evolved to intercept …

Plants are engaged in a continuous co-evolutionary struggle for dominance with their
pathogens. The outcomes of these interactions are of particular importance to human …

Microbe-associated molecular patterns (MAMPs) are molecular signatures typical of whole
classes of microbes, and their recognition plays a key role in innate immunity. Endogenous …

Phytopathogenic bacteria, fungi, and oomycetes invade and colonize their host plants
through distinct routes. These pathogens secrete diverse groups of effector proteins that aid …

Pathogenicity of most Gram-negative plant-pathogenic bacteria depends on the type III
secretion (T3S) system, which translocates bacterial effector proteins into plant cells. Type III …

The development of sensitive and versatile techniques to detect protein-protein interactions
in vivo is important for understanding protein functions. The previously described …