Since 2006, several longitudinal studies have assessed environmental or behavioural
factors that seem to modify the risk of developing Parkinson's disease. Increased risk of …

Every year an estimated 42 million people worldwide suffer a mild traumatic brain injury
(MTBI) or concussion. More severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a well-established risk …

Background Football (soccer) players might be at increased risk of neurodegenerative
disease, which has led to questions regarding the safety of the sport and recent measures …

Objective Our aim was to assess risk of Parkinson disease (PD) following traumatic brain
injury (TBI), including specifically mild TBI (mTBI), among care recipients in the Veterans …

Background Parkinson's disease (PD) is characterized by dopaminergic neuronal loss in the
substantia nigra pars compacta and intracellular inclusions called Lewy bodies (LB). During …

There is evidence from observational studies for a role of a number of environmental
exposures and lifestyle habits in modulating the risk for Parkinson's disease. Environmental …

Objective Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is thought to be a risk factor for Parkinson disease
(PD), but results are conflicting. Many studies do not account for confounding or reverse …

Background The cause of PD at present remains unknown. A number of epidemiological
studies have been conducted across the globe to ascertain the disease burden and the …

Cognitive impairment is a common non-motor symptom in Parkinson's Disease (PD) and an
important source of patient disability and caregiver burden. The timing, profile and rate of …

Background: Concussion injuries have been highlighted to the American public through
media and research. While recent studies have shown increased traumatic brain injuries …