Simple Summary Artificial intelligence (AI) is the branch of computer science that enables
machines to learn, reason, and problem solve. In recent decades, AI has been developed …

The vital physiological role of the pituitary gland, alongside its proximity to critical
neurovascular structures, means that pituitary adenomas can cause significant morbidity or …

Pituitary tumours are surrounded by critical neurovascular structures and identification of
these intra-operatively can be challenging. We have previously developed an AI model …

Pituitary tumours are in an anatomically dense region of the body, and often distort or
encase the surrounding critical structures. This, in combination with anatomical variations …

The field of computer vision applied to videos of minimally invasive surgery is ever-growing.
Workflow recognition pertains to the automated recognition of various aspects of a surgery …

Background Endoscopic pituitary adenoma surgery has a steep learning curve, with varying
surgical techniques and outcomes across centers. In other surgeries, superior performance …

Purpose Transsphenoidal surgery is an established treatment for pituitary adenomas. We
examined outcomes and time points following transsphenoidal surgery for pituitary …

Background Superior surgical skill improves surgical outcomes in endoscopic pituitary
adenoma surgery. Video-based coaching programs, pioneered in professional sports, have …

BACKGROUND: Measuring intraoperative forces in real time can provide feedback
mechanisms to improve patient safety and surgical training. Previous force monitoring has …

Background Annotated data are foundational to applications of supervised machine
learning. However, there seems to be a lack of common language used in the field of …