We extended the nutrient–phytoplankton–zooplankton model involving variable-order
fractional differential operators of Liouville–Caputo, Caputo–Fabrizio and Atangana …

In this thesis, we study a spatio–temporal prey–predator model of plankton. This model has
spatial interaction terms which represent a plankton dynamics that includes info–chemical …

In this paper, a three species food chain model, consisting of a hybrid type of prey-
dependent and predator-dependent functional responses, is investigated analytically as well …

The crux of present investigation is to develop an interval-valued population model for the
interaction between phytoplankton, zooplankton and fish population under cyrtoid type …

Prolonged exposure to disturbances, such as toxicants, has the potential to result in
evolutionary responses in a population. These evolutionary responses may impact not just …

A model of two competing predators sharing one prey in homogeneous environment with
Holling type-II functional response is introduced. It is cast as a Kolmogorov-type system of …

A toxin-producing phytoplankton and zooplankton system is investigated. Considering that
zooplankton can be harvested for food in some bodies of water, the harvesting term is …

In this paper we consider the plankton–nutrient interaction model with the help of delay
differential equations. Firstly the elementary dynamical properties of the plankton–nutrient …

Anti-predator defense is an important mechanism that preys use to reduce the stress of
constant struggle in a high concentration of predator and commonly established through …

In this paper, we consider a three species plankton–fish system that incorporates external
toxicity and nonlinear harvesting. We consider that the growth of species are affected directly …