Streptococcus pneumoniae is a human pathobiont possessing a diverse array of
multifunctional proteins essential for bacterial fitness and virulence. Gene expression is …

Bacteria respond to changes in environmental conditions through adaptation to external
cues. Frequently, bacteria employ nucleotide signaling molecules to mediate a specific …

ATP synthase produces the majority of cellular energy in most cells. We have previously
reported cryo-EM maps of autoinhibited E. coli ATP synthase imaged without addition of …

Protein phosphorylation regulates a large variety of biological processes in all living cells. In
pathogenic bacteria, the study of serine, threonine, and tyrosine (Ser/Thr/Tyr) …

Pathogenic streptococcal species are responsible for a broad spectrum of human diseases
ranging from non-invasive and localized infections to more aggressive and life-threatening …

Bacterial persisters represent a small subpopulation that tolerates high antibiotic
concentrations without acquiring heritable resistance, and it may be generated by …

Cyclic di-AMP (c-di-AMP) is a newly discovered bacterial second messenger. However,
regulation of c-di-AMP homeostasis is poorly understood. In Streptococcus pneumoniae, a …

Streptococcus pneumoniae is a gram-positive, aerotolerant bacterium that naturally
colonizes the human nasopharynx, but also causes invasive infections and is a major cause …

Streptococcus pneumoniae (the pneumococcus) is a naturally competent organism that
causes diseases such as pneumonia, otitis media, and bacteremia. The essential bacterial …

Streptococcus pneumoniae is an opportunistic human bacterial pathogen that usually
colonizes the upper respiratory tract, but the invasion and survival mechanism in respiratory …