Transition metal ions are essential nutrients to all forms of life. Iron, copper, zinc,
manganese, cobalt and nickel all have unique chemical and physical properties that make …

Though an essential trace element, manganese is generally accorded little importance in
biology other than as a cofactor for some free radical detoxifying enzymes and in the …

Crop diseases threaten food security and sustainable agriculture. Consumption of crops
containing nonessential toxic metals leads to health risks for humans. Therefore, cultivation …

The importance of metals in biology, the environment and medicine has become
increasingly evident over the last twenty five years. The study of the multiple roles of metal …

Background: Catalases are important antioxidant metalloenzymes that catalyze
disproportionation of hydrogen peroxide, forming dioxygen and water. Two families of …

The photosynthetic processes that lead to water oxidation involve an evolution in time from
photon dynamics to photochemically-driven electron transfer to coupled electron/proton …

NRAMPs (natural resistance‐associated macrophage proteins) have been characterized in
mammals as divalent transition metal transporters involved in iron metabolism and host …

Cyanobacteria, green algae, and higher plants provide the major part of molecular O 2 of
Earth atmosphere via water oxidation of oxygenic photosynthesis. The water-oxidizing …

Two areas of research have recently converged to highlight important roles for Mn2+ in
pathogenesis: the recognition that both bacterial Nramp homologs and members of LraI …

Manganese (Mn) is required for the growth and survival of most, if not all, living organisms.
Until recently, relatively little was known about how bacteria take up trace nutrients such as …