Pollination syndromes, recurring suites of floral traits appearing in connection with specific
functional pollinator groups, have served for decades to organise floral diversity under a …

The number of published studies using geometric morphometrics (GM) for analysing
biological shape has increased steadily since the beginning of the 1990s, covering multiple …

Crop phenotyping is a major bottleneck in current plant research. Field-based high-
throughput phenotyping platforms are an important prerequisite to advance crop breeding …

This paper provides a step-by-step guide for the morphological analysis of corolla and the
decomposition of corolla shape variation into its symmetric and asymmetric components …

Micro-computed tomography (micro-CT or microtomography) is a non-destructive imaging
technique using X-rays which allows the digitisation of an object in three dimensions. The …

Flowers are intricate and integrated three‐dimensional (3D) structures predominantly
studied in 2D due to the difficulty in quantitatively characterising their morphology in 3D …

ON THE NATURE OF THINGS AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY these systems. NMR's
sensitivity to hydrogen isotopes means that we can not only visualize whether xylem …

R290 Current Biology 27, R283–R293, April 24, 2017 to distinguish different structures if
they vary in their elemental composition or density. This means that, by using the right optics …

Developmental biology relies heavily on our ability to generate three-dimensional images of
live biological specimens through time, and to map gene expression and hormone response …

Background In bioenergy/forage sorghum, morpho-anatomical stem properties are major
components affecting standability and juice yield. However, phenotyping these traits is low …