Excessive intake of free fatty acids (FFAs), especially saturated fatty acids, can lead to
atherosclerosis and increase the incidence of cardiovascular diseases. FFAs also contribute …

Murine hepatitis virus strain A59 (MHV-A59) was shown to induce pyroptosis, apoptosis, and
necroptosis of infected cells, especially in the murine macrophages. However, whether …

Diets rich in carbohydrate and saturated fat contents, when combined with a sedentary
lifestyle, contribute to the development of obesity and metabolic syndrome (MetS), which …

Endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) play an important role in vascular repair and re-
endothelialization after vessel injury. EPCs in blood vessels are subjected to cyclic stretch …

Objective Obesity-associated metabolic dysfunction is a major public health concern
worldwide. Endothelial dysfunction is a hallmark of metabolic dysfunction, and endothelial …

TLR4 is a key innate immune signal that mediates glucolipid toxicity through yet unclear
mechanisms. Here, TLR4 truncation ameliorated bone metabolism disorders in diabetic rats …

Excess nutrients and proinflammatory cytokines impart stresses on pancreatic islet β-cells
that, if unchecked, can lead to cellular dysfunction and/or death. Among these stress …

Atherosclerosis (AS) is a chronic inflammatory vascular disease that begins with endothelial
activation followed by a series of inflammatory responses, plaque formation, and finally …

Insulin is an important hormone that regulates glucose and lipid metabolism. Insulin
resistance is defined as the impaired insulin response to the physiological level of insulin …

Angiogenesis is regulated by various signal molecules, which can be found in many
pathological processes, such as tumors. Endothelial cells (ECs) are target cells of multiple …