Researchers of cognitive load theory and the cognitive theory of multimedia learning have
identified several strategies to optimize instructional materials. In this review article we focus …

Multimedia pedagogical agents are on-screen characters that allow users to navigate or
learn in multimedia environments. Several agents' characteristics may moderate their …

The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of gender and type of multimedia
resource on learning outcomes while controlling for the effect of spatial ability. This study …

This study attempts to advance the comprehension of clickstream data in video-based
learning environments and interpret learning motivation from these large-volume and …

Background Studies comparing the effect of dynamic and static visualization suggest a
predominantly positive effect of dynamic visualization. However, the results of individual …

Instructional videos are increasingly part of the teaching practices of educators across all
sectors. The most common theoretical lens used to design and evaluate instructional videos …

Our commentary explores the questions of why and when does instructional video facilitate
learning in the light of the findings reported in this special issue and previous literature …

Discussion The final two papers of this special issue summarize the 7 empirical
contributions and discuss these within broader theoretical and practical contexts. The …

Studies comparing the instructional effectiveness of dynamic versus static visualizations
have produced mixed results. In this work, we investigated whether gender imbalance in the …

Research shows that animations yield higher learning outcomes than static graphics when
learning hand-manipulative tasks such as knot tying. This study investigated whether this …