Background In 2016, of the estimated 257 million people living with chronic hepatitis B virus
(HBV) infection worldwide, only a small proportion was diagnosed and treated. The …

Chronic infection with hepatitis B virus (HBV) greatly increases the risk for liver cirrhosis and
hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). HBV isolates worldwide can be divided into ten genotypes …

At least 600000 individuals worldwide annually die of hepatitis B virus (HBV)-related
diseases, such as chronic hepatitis B (CHB), liver cirrhosis (LC), and hepatocellular …

Sequence heterogeneity is a feature of hepatitis B virus (HBV), the prototype member of the
family Hepadnaviridae. Based on an intergroup divergence of greater than 7.5% across the …

The epidemiology of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is geographically diverse, with
population prevalence, age and mode of acquisition, and likelihood of progression to …

Infection with hepatitis B virus (HBV) may lead to acute or chronic hepatitis. HBV infections
were previously much more frequent but there are still 240 million chronic HBV carriers …

The clinical course of infections with the hepatitis B virus (HBV) substantially varies between
individuals, as a consequence of a complex interplay between viral, host, environmental and …

Since 1982, safe and effective hepatitis B virus (HBV) vaccines have been commercially
available first derived from plasma of HBV infected persons and later from yeast cells using …

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) genotypes and subgenotypes have distinct geographical
distributions and influence a number of clinical disease features and responses to treatment …

Abstract The Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) has a worldwide distribution and is endemic in many
populations. It is constantly evolving and 10 genotypic strains have been identified with …