Perspective—from Gaussian to Paretian thinking: Causes and implications of power laws in organizations

P Andriani, B McKelvey - Organization science, 2009 - pubsonline.informs.org
Although normal distributions and related current quantitative methods are still relevant for
some organizational research, the growing ubiquity of power laws signifies that Pareto …

Pyramids, Ponzis and fraud prevention: Lessons from a case study

S Bosley, M Knorr - Journal of Financial Crime, 2018 - emerald.com
Purpose This paper aims to empirically identify factors that increase consumer vulnerability
to pyramid scheme fraud and compares/contrasts dynamics and implications of pyramid and …

Participation and losses in multi‐level marketing: Evidence from a Federal Trade Commission settlement

C Bäckman, T Hanspal - Financial Planning Review, 2022 - Wiley Online Library
More than 20 million Americans are affiliated with multi‐level marketing firms (MLMs), but
there is little empirical evidence on who participates in this controversial part of today's labor …

Motivational factors in multilevel marketing business: A confirmatory approach

S Jain, B Singla, S Shashi - Management Science Letters, 2015 - growingscience.com
In the present scenario of high unemployment; Multilevel Marketing (MLM) generates
employment for people who have no permanent source of earning. MLM system has …

Be your product: On youth, multilevel marketing, and nutritional cure‐alls in Puerto Princesa, Philippines

A Hardon, IAB Davatos, G Lasco - American Ethnologist, 2019 - Wiley Online Library
ABSTRACT Young people in Puerto Princesa, the Philippines, are drawn to working as
salespeople for AIM Global, a purveyor of the nutritional supplement C24/7. The company …

Category–level drivers of the market share–rank power law relationship

YH Bae, TS Gruca, H Lim, GJ Russell - European journal of marketing, 2024 - emerald.com
Purpose This paper aims to analyze variations in the parameters of the market share–rank
power law across consumer packaged goods (CPG) categories. Design/methodology …

Building long-term business sustainability: The influence of experiential marketing on sales representatives' loyalty to multi-level marketing systems

IM Purcaru, AM Urdea, CP Constantin, G Brătucu - Sustainability, 2022 - mdpi.com
Monitoring the satisfaction of sales representatives is a major challenge in business based
on multi-level marketing systems (MLM), as a high level of satisfaction could determine the …

An economic model of multi-level marketing

Y Reingewertz - Plos one, 2021 - journals.plos.org
This paper offers an economic model of the operation of multi-level marketing (MLM) firms in
competitive and non-competitive markets. The model takes a recursive approach to analyse …

Polanyi and the Other Alternative Food Network: What San Francisco‐Based Multi‐Level Marketers of “Healthy” Food Tell Us About Values in Market Societies

MLT Kristiansen, MB Gillette - Economic Anthropology, 2024 - Wiley Online Library
Recent decades have witnessed the proliferation of alternative food networks (AFNs) in the
US and Europe. While social scientists classify heterogenous practices as AFNs, their …

[图书][B] Network marketing essence of success: An interpretative phenomenological analysis

TA Tyre - 2016 - search.proquest.com
Network marketing is a dynamic business, marketing, and distribution channel model.
Millions of Americans depend on income from network marketing to supplement or replace …