Todaj, m-an US lawmakers assume that coexistence is the opdmalpath fonard and are
crafting legal; guardrails under that assumpion. We argue that lawmakers should instead …

Looking from the 11th century to the 20th century, Kuroda explores how money was used
and how currencies evolved in transactions within local communities and in broader trade …

This article presents historical indices for the main dimensions of economic freedom and an
aggregate index for the developed countries of today, specifically pre‐1994 OECD …

The development of a well-adapted financial system was a main part of the successful
Swedish economic modernisation in the latter half of the nineteenth century. In this article it …

We consider the debut of a new monetary instrument, central bank digital currencies
(CBDCs). Drawing on examples from monetary history, we argue that a successful monetary …

The Dutch Republic was an important hub in the early modern world-economy, a place
where hundreds of monies were used alongside each other. Sebastian Felten explores …

How does the arrival of a new central-bank issued currency affect commercial banks
creating private money? In this paper, we study the opening of Bank of Canada in 1935 and …

I started working on this thesis, supervised by prof. Jaime Reis at the European University
Institute in Florence, September 1997. After 3 years, however, my thesis was not finished. I …

It is not self-evident that only central banks can issue cash. Historically, private banks in
Sweden and elsewhere have issued their own banknotes. The decision that only the central …

Pre-industrial money supply typically consisted of multiple, often foreign currencies.
Standard economic theory implies that this entails welfare loss due to transaction costs …