Hedging is one of the more commonly used but least studied concepts in international
relations. This essay conceptualizes hedging and operationalizes it to the alignment choices …

This article lays out a theoretical framework for understanding the effects of political
uncertainty on party development and strategies of mobilization and competition. Defining …

We theorize that direct social lobbying—the meeting of a lobbyist and public official outside
of a formal office—persuades officials to support publicly policies favored by interest groups …

Ideal point estimators are typically based on an assumption that all legislators are equally
responsive to modeled dimensions of legislative disagreement; however, particularistic …

The tech industry profoundly impacts our lives and has gained great economic and political
influence. Yet, we know little about the people inside tech firms, whose actions and …

Although much has been written on hedging in traditional security, few studies have focused
on hedging in the non-traditional security (NTS) domains. This essay examines NTS …

Public airing of incidents of sexual harassment have moved abuse from the shadows to the
light, spurring mass response in the form of# MeToo and “Time's Up.” While sexual …

Legislators' private financial holdings affect policy decisions. Due to financial self‐interest,
we theorize that legislators whose personal investment portfolios include equities from firms …

Concerns about endogeneity often complicate attempts to estimate a causal link between
public opinion and the voting records of Members of the E uropean Parliament (MEP s). In …

Political scientists often suppose that the informational model of legislative organization
predicts an absence of committee outliers. In fact, the model predicts that committee outliers …