Host defence peptides (HDPs) are integral components of innate immunity across all living
organisms. These peptides can exert direct antibacterial effects, targeting planktonic cells …

The spread of bacterial drug resistance has posed a severe threat to public health globally.
Here, we cover bacterial resistance to current antibacterial drugs, including traditional herbal …

Cationic antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are an intrinsic part of the human innate immune
system. Over 100 different human AMPs are known to exhibit broad-spectrum antibacterial …

Streptococcus pyogenes, also known as group A Streptococcus (GAS), causes mild human
infections such as pharyngitis and impetigo and serious infections such as necrotizing …

The peptidoglycan layers of many gram-positive bacteria are densely functionalized with
anionic glycopolymers known as wall teichoic acids (WTAs). These polymers play crucial …

Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are natural antibiotics produced by various organisms such
as mammals, arthropods, plants, and bacteria. In addition to antimicrobial activity, AMPs can …

Gram-positive organisms, including the pathogens Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus
pneumoniae, and Enterococcus faecalis, have dynamic cell envelopes that mediate …

Lipoteichoic acid (LTA) is an important cell wall polymer found in gram-positive bacteria.
Although the exact role of LTA is unknown, mutants display significant growth and …

Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are widely expressed and rapidly induced at epithelial
surfaces to repel assault from diverse infectious agents including bacteria, viruses, fungi and …

The cell wall is a vital and multi-functional part of bacterial cells. For Staphylococcus aureus,
an important human bacterial pathogen, surface proteins and cell wall polymers are …