Proteins at interfaces play important roles in cell biology, immunology, bioengineering, and
biomimetic material design. Many biological processes are based on interfacial protein …

The reaction of slaked lime with atmospheric CO 2 in the presence of humidity leads to the
formation of cementing carbonate phases in traditional aerial lime mortars and plasters. This …

Nonclassical crystallization (NCC) summarizes a number of crystallization pathways, which
differ from the classical layer-by-layer growth of crystals involving atomic/molecular building …

Many biomineral crystals form complex non-equilibrium shapes, often via transient
amorphous precursors. Also in vitro crystals can be grown with non-equilibrium …

Metal carbonates, which are ubiquitous in the near-surface mineral record, are a major
product of biomineralizing organisms and serve as important targets for capturing …

Abstract The Calcium Silicate Hydrate (CSH) nucleation is a crucial step during cement
hydration and determines to a great extent the rheology, microstructure, and properties of …

We describe the combination of scanning electrochemical cell microscopy (SECCM) and
interference reflection microscopy (IRM) to produce a compelling technique for the study of …

“Non-classical” notions consider formation pathways of crystalline materials where larger
species than monomeric chemical constituents, ie, ions or single molecules, play crucial …

Membrane desalination that enables the harvesting of purified water from unconventional
sources such as seawater, brackish groundwater, and wastewater has become …

Classical nucleation theory (CNT) is based on the notion of critical nuclei serving as
transition states between supersaturated solutions and growing particles. Their excess …