BACKGROUND The idea that memory is stored as enduring changes in the brain dates
back at least to the time of Plato and Aristotle (circa 350 BCE), but its scientific articulation …

Schemas are superordinate knowledge structures that reflect abstracted commonalities
across multiple experiences, exerting powerful influences over how events are perceived …

We update complementary learning systems (CLS) theory, which holds that intelligent
agents must possess two learning systems, instantiated in mammalians in neocortex and …

Episodic memories are multifaceted and malleable, capable of being transformed with time
and experience at both the neural level and psychological level. At the neural level, episodic …

A growing literature suggests that the hippocampus is critical for the rapid extraction of
regularities from the environment. Although this fits with the known role of the hippocampus …

Every day we make decisions critical for adaptation and survival. We repeat actions with
known consequences. But we also draw on loosely related events to infer and imagine the …

Replay in the brain has been viewed as rehearsal or, more recently, as sampling from a
transition model. Here, we propose a new hypothesis: that replay is able to implement a form …

Successful behavior requires actively acquiring and representing information about the
environment and people, and manipulating and using those acquired representations …

Highlights•Prior related memories are reactivated during new learning events.•Medial PFC
guides reactivation toward related, goal-relevant knowledge.•Hippocampus compares …

The episodic memory system enables accurate retrieval while maintaining flexibility by
representing both specific episodes and generalizations across events. Although theories …