Using Pacific benthic foraminiferal δ18O and Mg/Ca records, we derive a Cenozoic (66 Ma)
global mean sea level (GMSL) estimate that records evolution from an ice-free Early Eocene …

Abstract The Eocene–Oligocene transition (EOT) was a climate shift from a largely ice-free
greenhouse world to an icehouse climate, involving the first major glaciation of Antarctica …

A compilation of foraminiferal stable isotope measurements from southern high latitude
(SHL) deep-sea sites provides a novel perspective important for understanding Earth's …

An early Cenozoic perspective on greenhouse warming and carbon-cycle dynamics | Nature
Skip to main content Thank you for visiting nature.com. You are using a browser version with …

Abstract The Middle Eocene Climatic Optimum (around 40 million years ago) was a roughly
400,000-year-long global warming phase associated with an increase in atmospheric CO2 …

Benthic foraminiferal oxygen isotopic (δ18O) and carbon isotopic (δ13C) trends, constructed
from compilations of data series from multiple ocean sites, provide one of the primary means …

The relation between the partial pressure of atmospheric carbon dioxide (p CO2) and
Paleogene climate is poorly resolved. We used stable carbon isotopic values of di …

• The sustained rate of increase over the past century in the combined radiative forcing from
the three well-mixed greenhouse gases carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), and nitrous …

The end of the Eocene greenhouse world was the most dramatic phase in the long-term
cooling trend of the Cenozoic Era. Here we show that the Arabia–Eurasia collision and the …

Age estimates for the opening of Drake Passage range from 49 to 17 million years ago (Ma),
complicating interpretations of the relationship between ocean circulation and global …