The increasing commercial demand for L-carnitine has led to a multiplication of efforts to
improve its production with bacteria. The use of different cell environments, such as growing …

This study evaluates the technical feasibility of biofilm‐based biotransformations at an
industrial scale by theoretically designing a process employing membrane fiber modules as …

Choline is abundantly produced by eukaryotes and plays an important role as a precursor of
the osmoprotectant glycine betaine. In Pseudomonas aeruginosa, glycine betaine has …

The aim was to understand how interaction of the central carbon and the secondary
carnitine metabolisms is affected under salt stress and its effect on the production of l …

The aim of this work was to understand the relevance of central carbon metabolism in salt
stress adaptation of Escherichia coli. The cells were grown anaerobically in batch and …

Abstract Background L (-)-carnitine production has been widely studied because of its
beneficial properties on various diseases and dysfunctions. Enterobacteria possess a …

Flow cytometry was used to monitor Escherichia coli cellular state during the
biotransformation of crotonobetaine into l-carnitine using growing and resting cells in batch …

Aims: Characterization of the role of CaiC in the biotransformation of trimethylammonium
compounds into l (−)‐carnitine in Escherichia coli. Methods and Results: The caiC gene was …

The function of the N-terminal domain (∼ 350 residues) of the Pta (phosphotransacetylase)
enzyme of Salmonella enterica is unclear. Results from in vivo genetic and in vitro studies …

In this work metabolic engineering strategies for maximizing l‐(–)‐carnitine production by
Escherichia coli based on the Biochemical System Theory (1–3) and the Indirect …