Heart failure (HF) is a complex clinical syndrome characterized by the activation of at least
several neurohumoral pathways that have a common role in maintaining cardiac output and …

The cardiac autonomic nervous system consists of 2 branches—the sympathetic and the
parasympathetic systems—that work in a delicately tuned, yet opposing fashion in the heart …

We systematically modified isoproterenol's chemical structure to reduce chronotropic,
arrhythmogenic, and vascular side effects. Experiments on dogs showed that the resulting …

The rat posterior insular cortex has recently been shown to possess cardiac chronotropic
organization and therefore may be involved in cortical mechanisms of sudden death. In …

T he vagus and sympathetic nerves link the heart to thecentral nervous system, carrying infor-
mation from the heart over neural afferents and to the heart over neural efferents. Although it …

This book presents a new homeostatic theory of stress and distress and uses it to explain
how systems using the endogenous catecholamines—norepinephrine, epinephrine, and …

It is common to experience a thumping heart during strenuous exercise or when frightened.
This increase in the force and frequency of contraction of the heart can result in an increase …

T he long QT interval syndrome (LQTS) has a low incidence in the general population, but,
like the Wolff-Parkinson-White (WPW) syndrome, it has a major impact. While the WPW …

Ventricular arrhythmias (VA) can range in presentation from asymptomatic to cardiac arrest
and sudden cardiac death (SCD). Sustained ventricular tachycardias/ventricular fibrillation …

Early afterdepolarizations (EADs) are depolarizing potentials that occur before complete
repolarization. They may be important in the acquired and possibly the idiopathic long QT …