This article has an accompanying continuing medical education activity on page e16.
Learning Objective: Upon completion of the CME activity, successful learners will be able to …

The event of mutations in the surface antigen gene of hepatitis B virus (HBV) results in
undetectable hepatitis B surface antigen with positive/negative anti-hepatitis B core (anti …

Large volume of new data on the natural history and treatment of chronic hepatitis B virus
(HBV) infection have become available since 2008. These include further studies in …

The past 2 decades have seen a revolution in our approach to therapeutic
immunosuppression. We have moved from relying on broadly active traditional medications …

Advances in the treatment of malignant and inflammatory diseases have developed over
time, with increasing use of chemotherapeutic and immunosuppressive agents of a range of …

Immunomodulatory biologics, which render their therapeutic effects by modulating or
harnessing immune responses, have proven their therapeutic utility in several complex …

Background Since approval of tocilizumab (TCZ) for treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA)
and juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA), interleukin 6 (IL-6) pathway inhibition was evaluated in …

The experts of Taiwan Association for the Study of Liver (TASL) have actively participated
and led the guidelines on hepatitis B virus (HBV) management by Asian Pacific Association …

Accompanying the increased use of biological and non-biological antirheumatic drugs, a
greater number of cases of hepatitis B virus (HBV) reactivation have been reported in …

In patients with rheumatic diseases undergoing immunosuppressive treatment, hepatitis B
virus reactivation (HBVr) has been long recognized as a major treatment-related adverse …