Bacterial infections caused by 'superbugs' are increasing globally, and conventional
antibiotics are becoming less effective against these bacteria, such that we risk entering a …

Tripartite efflux pumps and the related type 1 secretion systems (T1SSs) in Gram-negative
organisms are diverse in function, energization, and structural organization. They form …

It is almost a century since nisin was discovered in fermented milk cultures, coincidentally in
the same year that penicillin was first described. Over the last 100 years this small, highly …

Antibiotic resistance is mediated through several distinct mechanisms, most of which are
relatively well understood and the clinical importance of which has long been recognized …

Bacterial multidrug efflux pumps have come to prominence in human and veterinary
pathogenesis because they help bacteria protect themselves against the antimicrobials …

The global public health threat of antimicrobial resistance has led the scientific community to
highly engage into research on alternative strategies to the traditional small molecule …

Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are a key component of the host's innate immune system,
targeting invasive and colonizing bacteria. For successful survival and colonization of the …

The call to cater for the hungry is a worldwide problem in the 21st century. Food security is
the utmost prime factor for the increasing demand for food. Awareness of human health …

Multidrug efflux transporters are a plague in the antibiotic resistance mechanisms as they
confer the capacity of bacteria to evade most of current therapies. Although these …

Streptomyces is taken as an important resource for producing the most abundant antibiotics
and other bio-active natural products, which have been widely used in pharmaceutical and …