Prolactin is a protein hormone of the anterior pituitary gland that was originally named for its
ability to promote lactation in response to the suckling stimulus of hungry young mammals …

The cardiovascular and other actions of angiotensin II (Ang II) are mediated by AT1 and AT2
receptors, which are seven transmembrane glycoproteins with 30% sequence similarity …

In 1951, a new compound containing iron and two cyclopentadienide ligands was reported.
1, 2 Although even the first reports noted its high and unexpected stability, the correct …

The apelin peptide was recently discovered and demonstrated to be the endogenous ligand
for the G protein‐coupled receptor, APJ. A search of the GenBank databases retrieved a rat …

Fitzsimons, JT Angiotensin, Thirst, and Sodium Appetite. Physiol. Rev. 78: 583–686, 1998.—
Angiotensin (ANG) II is a powerful and phylogenetically widespread stimulus to thirst and …

Renin angiotensin system (RAS) is an endocrine system widely known for its physiological
roles in electrolyte homeostasis, body fluid volume regulation and cardiovascular control in …

Antunes-Rodrigues, José, Margaret de Castro, Lucila LK Elias, Marcelo M. Valença, and
Samuel M. McCann. Neuroendocrine Control of Body Fluid Metabolism. Physiol Rev 84: 169 …

Angiotensins are peptide hormones derived from the protein precursor angiotensinogen by
the sequential actions of proteolytic enzymes (Figure 1). The classic pathway of angiotensin …

Angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs, collectively called sartans) are widely used
compounds therapeutically effective in cardiovascular disorders, renal disease, the …

The discovery that all components of the renin–angiotensin system (RAS) are present in the
central nervous system led investigators to postulate the existence of a local brain RAS …