Nociception, in contrast to pain, is not a subjective feeling, but the physiological encoding
and processing of nociceptive stimuli. However, monitoring nociception remains a challenge …

Acute postoperative pain remains a major problem, resulting in multiple undesirable
outcomes if inadequately controlled. Most surgical patients spend their immediate …

At present, there is no objective and absolute measure of nociception, although various
monitoring techniques have been developed. One such technique is the Analgesia …

Monitors that estimate nociception during anesthesia may be used to guide opioid and other
analgesics administration to optimize anesthesia care and possibly outcome. We reviewed …

Anesthesia objectives have evolved into combining hypnosis, amnesia, analgesia,
paralysis, and suppression of the sympathetic autonomic nervous system. Technological …

Safe anesthesia is achieved using objective methods that estimate the patient's state during
different phases of surgery. A patient's state under anesthesia is characterized by three …

Background Nociception monitors are being increasingly used during surgery, but their
effectiveness in guiding intraoperative opioid administration is still uncertain. This meta …

Objective Previous studies comparing surgical pleth index (SPI)-guided and conventional
analgesia have shown differing results. Therefore, we compared the intraoperative opioid …

Background Nociception monitoring devices are designed to estimate nociception during
general anaesthesia. We evaluated the predictive accuracy of heart rate and three …

Abstract Background. Surgical Pleth Index (SPI) is a non-invasive, dimensionless score (0–
100) aimed to allow an estimate of intraoperative nociception. Thus, it may be a useful tool to …