Accumulating evidence suggests that endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress plays a role in the
pathogenesis of diabetes, contributing to pancreatic β-cell loss and insulin resistance …

For a long time necrosis was considered as an alternative to programmed cell death,
apoptosis. Indeed, necrosis has distinct morphological features and it is accompanied by …

In type 2 diabetes, chronic hyperglycemia is suggested to be detrimental to pancreatic β
cells, causing impaired insulin secretion. IL-1β is a proinflammatory cytokine acting during …

Apoptosis is likely to be the main form of beta-cell death in immune-mediated diabetes
mellitus in rodents and possibly in humans. Clarification of the regulation of beta-cell death …

Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is a T cell–mediated autoimmune disease characterized by the
destruction of insulin‐secreting pancreatic β cells. In humans with T1D and in nonobese …

Inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) is induced by inflammatory cytokines in skeletal
muscle and fat. It has been proposed that chronic iNOS induction may cause muscle insulin …

Apoptosis is probably the main form of β-cell death in both type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM)
and T2DM. In T1DM, cytokines contribute to β-cell destruction through nuclear factor-κB (NF …

The current perspective of NO biology is formulated predominantly from studies of NO
synthesis. The role of S-nitrosothiol (SNO) formation and turnover in governing NO-related …

Cytokines and free radicals are mediators of β-cell death in type 1 diabetes. Under in vitro
conditions, interleukin-1β (IL-1β)+ γ-interferon (IFN-γ) induce nitric oxide (NO) production …

Nitric oxide (NO), synthesized from l-arginine by NO synthases, is a small, diffusible, highly
reactive molecule with dichotomous regulatory roles under physiological and pathological …