About 3/4 of all wild bee species nest in the soil and spend much of their life cycle
underground. These insects require suitable environmental conditions for nest construction …

Vegetation structural complexity (VSC)—the three‐dimensional distribution of plants within
an ecosystem—is an important ecological trait. To date, research has focused primarily on …

Most statistical models of microclimate focus on the difference or 'offset'between
standardized air temperatures (macroclimate) and those of a specific habitat such as forest …

Global forest cover is heavily fragmented. Due to high edge-to-surface ratios in small forest
patches, a large proportion of forests is affected by edge influences involving steep …

Accurate and timely monitoring of mangrove species information is crucial for precise
management and practical conservation. Conventional hyperspectral techniques employed …

Mapping the microclimate effect of forest canopies on understory temperature requires
spatially explicit predictors at very fine spatial resolutions. Light Detection And Ranging …

Rising temperatures are influencing forests on many scales, with potentially strong variation
vertically across forest strata. Using published research and new analyses, we evaluate how …

Forests create unique microclimates that have the potential to serve as microrefugia for
species under climate change. Yet, our understanding of the heterogenous thermal patterns …

Large-extent maps of three-dimensional vegetation structure are important for
understanding the hydrologic cycle, climate, carbon fluxes, and habitat. We aggregated over …

Increasingly available high-resolution digital elevation models (DEMs) facilitate the use of
fine-scale topographic variables as proxies for microclimatic effects not captured by the …