The landscape of fear (LOF) concept posits that prey navigate spatial heterogeneity in
perceived predation risk, balancing risk mitigation against other activities necessary for …

High‐density populations of large ungulates are now widespread. However, the perception
of overabundance only appears when it produces a problem for humans, such as a loss of …

Animals experience varying levels of predation risk as they navigate heterogeneous
landscapes, and behavioral responses to perceived risk can structure ecosystems. The …

Large carnivores are frequently presented as saviours of biodiversity and ecosystem
functioning through their creation of trophic cascades, an idea largely based on studies …

The aim of this study was to examine the effects of sex and age of individuals, season, and
human pressure (both human presence and habitat structure) on spatiotemporal behavior of …

There is a growing theoretical basis for the role of predation risk as a driver of trophic
interactions, conceptualized as the 'ecology of fear'. However, current ungulate management …

Abstract Background Wild boars (Sus scrofa L.) are globally widely distributed, and their
populations have increased in Europe during recent decades. Encounters between humans …

In many parts of Europe, wild boar Sus scrofa population increase, and thus, high densities
and dispersal into new areas are accompanied by economic problems. Due to many factors …

Over the last century, human activity has caused significant changes to the activity patterns
of many wildlife species. The wild boar is one species known to change its activity pattern …

Hunting by humans can be a potent driver of selection for morphological and life history
traits in wildlife populations across continents and taxa. Few studies, however, have …