The fundamental roles that peptides and proteins play in today's biology makes it almost
indisputable that peptides were key players in the origin of life. Insofar as it is appropriate to …

With both catalytic and genetic functions, ribonucleic acid (RNA) is perhaps the most
pluripotent chemical species in molecular biology, and its functions are intimately linked to …

Temperature impacts biological systems across all length and timescales. Cells and the
enzymes that comprise them respond to temperature fluctuations on short timescales, and …

This review summarizes our current understanding of translation in prokaryotes, focusing on
the mechanistic and structural aspects of each phase of translation: initiation, elongation …

The ribosome is an ancient molecular fossil that provides a telescope to the origins of life.
Made from RNA and protein, the ribosome translates mRNA to coded protein in all living …

We present a molecular-level model for the origin and evolution of the translation system,
using a 3D comparative method. In this model, the ribosome evolved by accretion …

The high-resolution structures of ribosomal subunits published in 2000 have revolutionized
the field of protein translation. They facilitated the determination and interpretation of …

The absence of orthogonal aminoacyl-transfer RNA (tRNA) synthetases that accept non-l-α-
amino acids is a primary bottleneck hindering the in vivo translation of sequence-defined …

We describe two structures of the intact bacterial ribosome from Escherichia coli determined
to a resolution of 3.5 angstroms by x-ray crystallography. These structures provide a detailed …

Temperature and nutrient availability play key roles in controlling the pathways and rates at
which energy and materials move through ecosystems. These factors have also changed …