The oceans appear ideal for biodiversity—they have unlimited water, a large area, are well
connected, have less extreme temperatures than on land, and contain more phyla and …

In an era of human activities, global environmental changes, habitat loss and species
extinction, conservation strategies are a crucial step toward minimizing biodiversity loss. For …

Abstract The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species is essential for practical and theoretical
efforts to protect biodiversity. However, species classified as “Data Deficient”(DD) regularly …

Our current 1.1° C warmer world is already affecting natural and human systems in Europe
(very high confidence1). Since AR5, there has been a substantial increase in detected or …

The ocean contains unique biodiversity, provides valuable food resources and is a major
sink for anthropogenic carbon. Marine protected areas (MPAs) are an effective tool for …

Human activities and climate change threaten marine biodiversity worldwide, though
sensitivity to these stressors varies considerably by species and taxonomic group. Mapping …

Human pressures on the ocean are thought to be increasing globally, yet we know little
about their patterns of cumulative change, which pressures are most responsible for change …

As human activities increasingly threaten biodiversity [1, 2], areas devoid of intense human
impacts are vital refugia [3]. These wilderness areas contain high genetic diversity, unique …

Anticipating the effect of climate change on biodiversity, in particular on changes in
community composition, is crucial for adaptive ecosystem management but remains a critical …

A key challenge in contemporary ecology and conservation is the accurate tracking of the
spatial distribution of various human impacts, such as fishing. While coastal fisheries in …