Pin site infections are a common complication of external fixation that places a significant
burden on the patient and healthcare system. Such infections increase the number of clinic …

Background Metal pins are used to apply skeletal traction or external fixation devices in the
management of orthopaedic fractures. These percutaneous pins protrude through the skin …

Wound antisepsis has undergone a renaissance due to the introduction of highly effective
wound-compatible antimicrobial agents and the spread of multidrug-resistant organisms …

Infection in external fixator pins is known to be a significant problem, with incidences
between 3% and 80% reported in the literature. An infection occurs when planktonic …

Pin track-associated complications are almost universal findings with the use of external
fixation. These complications are catastrophic if it leads to the failure of the bone–pin …

Pin-tract infection (PTI) is the most commonly expected problem, or even an almost
inevitable complication, when using external fixation. Left unteated, PTI will progress …

BACKGROUND Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride/polyhexanide/
polyaminopropyl biguanide (PHMB) is used as a disinfectant and antiseptic. This article …

Objective: Due to classification of the agent polihexanide (PHMB) in category 2 'may cause
cancer'by the Committee for Risk Assessment of the European Chemicals Agency in 2011 …

Background This study was conducted to determine the pin-site care protocols currently in
use and to analyse their effectiveness and outcomes. Methods PubMed, the Cochrane …

Pin tract infection in external fixation (ExFix) is a frequent finding which can eventually lead
to loosening, osteomyelitis and loss of fixation. Its diagnosis is based on high empiricism …