Cell signalling engenders cells with the capability to receive and process information from
the intracellular and extracellular environments, trigger and execute biological responses …

In multicellular organisms, cellular behaviour is tightly regulated to allow proper embryonic
development and maintenance of adult tissue. A critical component in this control is the …

The inner workings of a biological cell or a chemical reactor can be rationalized by the
network of reactions, whose structure reveals the most important functional mechanisms. For …

Millions of naïve T cells with different TCRs may interact with a peptide-MHC ligand, but very
few will activate. Remarkably, this fine control is orchestrated using a limited set of …

Cellular microenvironments are dynamic. When exposed to extracellular cues, such as
changing concentrations of inflammatory cytokines, cells activate signaling networks that …

The mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway is an important intracellular signaling
cascade that plays a key role in various cellular processes. Understanding the regulatory …

Mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) are key regulators of numerous biological
processes in plants. To better understand the mechanisms by which these kinases function …

Cells use signaling pathways to receive and process information about their environment.
These nonlinear systems rely on feedback and feedforward regulation to respond …

Melanoma is among the most heterogeneous and aggressive type of cancers. The
BRAFV600E mutation, found in over 50% of metastatic melanomas, drives aberrant MAPK …

All biological systems constantly receive, process and respond to external signals. Cells,
although being the basic unit of life, show remarkable ability to decipher the environmental …